Optimal scheduling of distributed generation to achieve linear aggregate response

Abstract

Captured Carbon supply power to Eirgrid by using many small power generators (Single Generators) as if their combined power were a unique large power station (Virtual Generator). When Eirgrid order power from a power station, they assume that power output increases linearly over a period of time (ramp up time), after which the station generates power at full capacity. The main question we tackle is: How can we control the start up time of many small generators in order to get as close as possible to a linear combined ramp behaviour? In this report, we provide 5 different approaches (gradient descent, mixed integer linear programming, bin packing, systematic adjustment and ramp tracking simulation) to the problem using sample data from 20 single generators provided by Captured Carbon. We also discuss briefly the “equity” challenge, consisting of the possibility to have optimal solutions for which not always the same single generator starts first. We conclude with some suggestions for future work.