?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F327%2F&rft.title=Temperature+of+diesel+fuel+spray+at+injector+nozzle+hole+exit&rft.creator=Byatt-Smith%2C+J.&rft.creator=Day%2C+R.&rft.creator=Harlen%2C+O.&rft.creator=Lister%2C+J.&rft.creator=Smith%2C+S.L.&rft.creator=Please%2C+C.P.&rft.creator=Stone%2C+R.&rft.creator=Howison%2C+S.D.&rft.creator=Fowler%2C+A.&rft.subject=Transport+and+Automotive&rft.subject=Materials&rft.description=Fuel+is+injected+into+the+cylinder+of+a+diesel+engine+through+a+high-pressure+injection+system.+For+the+particular+system+considered+by+Perkins+Technology%2C+fuel+at+a+temperature+of+about+300+K+arrives+in+the+injector+at+approximately+1400+bar+and+is+then+injected+into+the+cylinder+in+1.5+ms+by+raising+a+needle+and+uncovering+the+nozzle+holes.+The+cycle+period+between+injections+is+40+ms.+Each+injection+contains+85+mm%5E3+of+fluid.+This+corresponds+almost+exactly+to+the+amount+of+fuel+stored+in+the+annulus+around+the+needle+below+the+spherical+reservoir.+The+physical+quantity+of+interest+is+the+temperature+of+the+fuel+when+it+is+injected+into+the+cylinder.+Temperature+measurements+in+the+fuel+storage+volume+are+hard+to+make.+A+thermocouple+placed+in+the+wall+of+the+injector+tip%2C+however%2C+has+measured+a+temperature+of+550+K.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+various+contributions+to+the+change+in+temperature++++of+the+fluid+can+be+summarised+as%3A%0D%0A++(a)+-5+K+from+the+adiabatic+cooling%0D%0A++(b)+15+K+from+the+convection+near+the+nozzle%0D%0A++(c)+%CE%94T_s%2F17+from+the+conduction+in+the+annulus.+This+depends+on+the+average+temperature+of+the+wall+of+the+annulus%2C+which+is+unknown%2C+but+certainly+between+300+and+5.50+K%2C+corresponding+to+%CE%94T_s+%3D+0-250+K.+Hence+the+smallest+and+largest+rises+in+temperature+are+0+and+15+K+respectively.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+maximal+rise+in+temperature+of+the+fluid+is+hence+25+K.+A+more+likely+estimate+might+be+10+K.%0D%0A%0D%0ASome+useful+data%2C+in+the+absence+of+actual+heat+measurements+inside+the+fuel+reservoir+around+the+needle%2C+would+be+the+temperature+of+the+wall+TB.+Knowledge+of+its+spatial+variation+would+also+be+of+interest%2C+since+it+has+just+been+been+treated+as+an+average+in+this+report.&rft.date=1996&rft.type=Study+Group+Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F327%2F1%2FTemprature-of-diesel-fuel-spray-at-injector-nozzle-hole-exit.pdf&rft.identifier=++Byatt-Smith%2C+J.+and+Day%2C+R.+and+Harlen%2C+O.+and+Lister%2C+J.+and+Smith%2C+S.L.+and+Please%2C+C.P.+and+Stone%2C+R.+and+Howison%2C+S.D.+and+Fowler%2C+A.++(1996)+Temperature+of+diesel+fuel+spray+at+injector+nozzle+hole+exit.++%5BStudy+Group+Report%5D+++++