?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F493%2F&rft.title=Modelling+and+optimisation+of+low+solids+waste+treatment+processes&rft.creator=Howlett%2C+P.G.&rft.creator=Thompson%2C+C.J.&rft.subject=Materials&rft.description=Dulux+Australia+is+a+subsidiary+of+the+multinational+chemical+company+ICI+and+is+the+largest+paint+manufacturer+in+Australia.+To+increase+paint+production+capacity+it+will+be+necessary+for+the+company+to+implement+more+effective+methods+of+cleaning+and+waste+disposal+at+the+manufacturing+site.+Paint+is+a+substance+composed+of+resins+and+pigments+which+are+initially+suspended+in+a+mixture+of+liquid+solvents.+In+this+form+the+paint+must+be+stored+in+sealed+containers+to+prevent+evaporation+of+volatile+solvents.+The+liquid+paint+can+be+applied+by+brush+or+spray+to+a+wood+or+metal+surface+where+it+subsequently+dries+to+provide+a+durable+protective+coating.+The+resins+are+used+for+surface+adhesion%2C+the+liquid+solvents+allow+easy+application+of+the+paint+and+are+sufficiently+volatile+to+promote+quick+drying%2C+and+the+pigments+provide+colour.+Since+colour+is+a+particularly+important+characteristic+it+is+essential+that+the+tanks+in+which+the+paint+is+manufactured+are+scrupulously+cleaned+between+batches.+The+cleaning+process+generates+a+large+amount+of+liquid+waste+from+which+the+solvents+can+be+recovered+by+distillation.+Unfortunately+the+high+temperatures+normally+required+to+recover+the+less+volatile+solvents+can+result+in+baking+of+solid+waste+onto+the+walls+of+the+container.+In+this+article+we+propose+a+simple+model+for+the+distillation+process+and+show+that+boiling+temperatures+can+be+lowered+by+reducing+the+pressure+in+the+container.+In+particular+we+show+that+the+required+pressure+reduction+can+be+achieved+using+a+condenser%2C+provided+that+the+heat+exchange+capacity+of+the+condenser+matches+the+heat+exchange+capacity+of+the+boiler+at+the+desired+boiling+temperature.+In+this+way+we+suggest+that+baking+of+solid+waste+onto+the+container+walls+can+be+avoided.+Since+both+the+boiler+and+the+condenser+used+for+this+process+by+Dulux+Australia+are+vacuum+rated+it+may+be+possible+for+the+company+to+implement+the+proposed+operation+with+only+minor+modifications+to+the+current+equipment.&rft.date=1997&rft.type=Study+Group+Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F493%2F1%2FModelling-and-optimisation-of-low-solids-waste-treatment-process.pdf&rft.identifier=++Howlett%2C+P.G.+and+Thompson%2C+C.J.++(1997)+Modelling+and+optimisation+of+low+solids+waste+treatment+processes.++%5BStudy+Group+Report%5D+++++