?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F704%2F&rft.title=Represent+the+Degree+of+Mimicry+between+Prosodic+Behaviour+of+Speech+Between+Two+or+More+People&rft.creator=Arran%2C+Matthew&rft.creator=Assier%2C+Raphael&rft.creator=Benham%2C+Graham&rft.creator=Deka%2C+Bozena&rft.creator=Dempsey%2C+Liam&rft.creator=Dubrovina%2C+E.&rft.creator=Fadai%2C+Nabil&rft.creator=Feier%2C+Roxana&rft.creator=House%2C+Thomas&rft.creator=Lambert%2C+Anna&rft.creator=Lee%2C+Jane&rft.creator=Maestri%2C+Joseph&rft.creator=Miyajima%2C+Naoko&rft.creator=O'Kiely%2C+D.&rft.creator=Please%2C+C.P.&rft.creator=Radivojevic%2C+T.R.&rft.creator=Riley%2C+E.&rft.creator=Rowley%2C+W.&rft.creator=Wilmott%2C+Z.&rft.subject=Data+processing&rft.description=ExpertoCrede+want+people+to+be+better+understood+and+aims+to+im-+prove+the+way+we+communicate+with+each+other.+The+study+group+focused+on+finding+a+way+to+analyse+a+conversation+in+order+to+extract+information+on+the+level+of+rapport+between+the+two+speakers.+Since+such+data+may+contain+sensitive+personal+data%2C+the+study+group+put+an+emphasis+on+only+using+methods+which+could+be+run+locally+on+a+smart-+phone+and+avoided+techniques+that+were+computationally+expensive+or+needed+large+datasets.%0D%0A%0D%0AFirstly%2C+the+group+considered+the+nature+of+turn+taking+within+conversa-+tions+where+there+was+rapport+between+the+participants.+This+was+done+by+manually+labelling+conversations+from+the+BBC+Listening+Project+%5B1%5D.+The+data+suggested+an+element+of+memorylessness+in+turn+taking+within+friendly+conversations%2C+and+therefore+Markov+chains+were+used+to+model+conversations.+Each+person+speaking+was+considered+to+be+a+state+in+the+Markov+chain%2C+and+the+probability+of+the+speaker+switch-+ing+was+estimated+from+the+data.+The+possibility+of+these+probabilities+changing+within+longer+conversations+was+also+considered%2C+and+some+preliminary+ODE+models+for+this+were+suggested.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+group+sought+a+way+to+distinguish+between+the+two+speakers+and+looked+for+a+simple+speaker+identification+algorithm+which+would+be+easy+to+implement+on+a+mobile+phone.+Such+a+tool+is+necessary+to+enable+all+subsequent+analysis+of+the+sound+data.+Two+algorithms+were+considered+which+provided+reasonable+level+of+information.+Firstly%2C+a+low-frequency+classification+approach+was+used+that+took+advantage+of+the+natural+difference+in+pitch+of+two+speakers+(especially+in+the+case+of+a+male-female+conversation).+The+second+approach+utilised+a+Gaussian+mixture+model+on+the+extracted+Mel+Frequency+Cepstrum+Coefficients.%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0ABased+on+existing+literature%2C+conversational+rapport+was+expected+to+correspond+to+mimicry+in+prosodic+features+of+speech.+To+analyse+this+rapport%2C+tools+were+developed+to+extract+pitch%2C+volume+and+speech+rate+from+audio+files%2C+using+Praat%2C+a+standard+tool+in+academia%2C+and+custom-+written+Matlab+codes.+These+tools+were+found+to+be+broadly+successful+in+extraction+of+these+features.+However%2C+in+the+time+available+no+con-+sistently+significant+correlations+or+trends+were+found+in+natural+high-+rapport+conversations+from+the+BBC+Listening+Project%2C+either+over+the+course+of+a+conversation+or+between+the+last+few+seconds+of+one+speaker%E2%80%99s+speech+fragment+and+the+first+few+seconds+of+the+next+speaker%E2%80%99s.+Fur-+ther+work+would+involve+following+up+on+some+potential+correlations+in+such+conversations%2C+and+in+particular+a+comparison+with+low-rapport+conversations.&rft.date=2015-03&rft.type=Study+Group+Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F704%2F1%2FExpertoCrede.pdf&rft.identifier=++Arran%2C+Matthew+and+Assier%2C+Raphael+and+Benham%2C+Graham+and+Deka%2C+Bozena+and+Dempsey%2C+Liam+and+Dubrovina%2C+E.+and+Fadai%2C+Nabil+and+Feier%2C+Roxana+and+House%2C+Thomas+and+Lambert%2C+Anna+and+Lee%2C+Jane+and+Maestri%2C+Joseph+and+Miyajima%2C+Naoko+and+O'Kiely%2C+D.+and+Please%2C+C.P.+and+Radivojevic%2C+T.R.+and+Riley%2C+E.+and+Rowley%2C+W.+and+Wilmott%2C+Z.++(2015)+Represent+the+Degree+of+Mimicry+between+Prosodic+Behaviour+of+Speech+Between+Two+or+More+People.++%5BStudy+Group+Report%5D+++++