?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F722%2F&rft.title=Liquid+interactions+with+porous+media+and+the+fate+of+toxic+materials&rft.creator=Hicks%2C+Peter&rft.creator=Crosby%2C+Andrew&rft.creator=Hewitt%2C+Duncan&rft.creator=Hennessy%2C+M.&rft.creator=Herterich%2C+James+G.&rft.creator=Moyles%2C+Iain&rft.subject=Environment&rft.subject=Energy+and+utilities&rft.description=Toxic+liquid+chemicals+released+into+the+environment+may+pose+an+imme-+diate+risk+to+human+health+through+contact+or+related+vapour+hazards.+However%2C+they+can+also+interact+with+surfaces+and+remain+in+situ%2C+poten-+tially+presenting+a+subsequent+hazard.+To+improve+understanding+of+the+fate+of+these+materials+in+different+environments%2C+the+study+group+inves-+tigated+interactions+between+liquid+droplets+and+porous+media+across+a+range+of+different+time+scales.%0D%0ASplashing+and+the+subsequent+re-entrainment+of+micro-droplets+into+the+atmosphere+was+identified+as+one+possible+mechanism+though+which+the+area+effect+of+a+contamination+could+be+significantly+increased.+The+study+group+looked+at+experimentally+determined+splashing+thresholds+for+droplet+impacts+with+impermeable+substrates%2C+to+determine+initial+predictions+of+whether+or+not+a+given+droplet+will+splash.+In+cases+where+splashing+occurs+the+droplet+inertia+is+the+most+significant+effect+driving+the+initial+phase+of+the+liquid+infiltration+into+a+porous+media+and+the+study+group+developed+a+model+to+investigate+this+behaviour.%0D%0AFor+longer+time+scales+the+study+group+determined+that+capillary+suction+played+the+most+significant+role+in+spreading+the+liquid+within+the+porous+medium.+Models+for+the+evolution+of+the+partial+saturation+within+a+porous+medium+based+on+Richards%E2%80%99+equation+were+investigated.+Over+even+longer+time+scales+evaporation+converts+the+liquid+back+into+a+po-+tentially+hazardous+vapour.+The+study+group+started+to+incorporate+evaporation+into+models+of+liquid+infiltration+in+a+porous+medium+in+order+to+describe+this+phenomenon.+Recommendations+for+future+theo-+retical%2C+numerical+and+experimental+modelling+are+also+provided.&rft.date=2012&rft.type=Study+Group+Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fmiis.maths.ox.ac.uk%2Fmiis%2F722%2F1%2FESGI85-DSTL2_CaseStudy.pdf&rft.identifier=++Hicks%2C+Peter+and+Crosby%2C+Andrew+and+Hewitt%2C+Duncan+and+Hennessy%2C+M.+and+Herterich%2C+James+G.+and+Moyles%2C+Iain++(2012)+Liquid+interactions+with+porous+media+and+the+fate+of+toxic+materials.++%5BStudy+Group+Report%5D+++++